Every Important Idea In Science

In Science Novelty Emerges Only With Difficulty, Manifested By Resistance, Against A Background Provided By Expectation.

Every Important Idea In Science Sounds Strange At First.

What A Man Sees Depends Both Upon What He Looks At And Also Upon What His Previous Visual-conceptual Experience Has Taught Him To See.

The Man Who Is Striving To Solve A Problem Defined By Existing Knowledge And Technique Is Not, However, Just Looking Around. He Knows What He Wants To Achieve, And He Designs His Instruments And Directs His Thoughts Accordingly. Unanticipated Novelty, The New Discovery, Can Emerge Only To The Extent That His Anticipations About Nature And His Instruments Prove Wrong... There Is No Other Effective Way In Which Discoveries Might Be Generated.

The Decision To Reject One Paradigm Is Always Simultaneously The Decision To Accept Another, And The Judgment Leading To That Decision Involves The Comparison Of Both Paradigms With Nature And With Each Other.