Many Modern Philosophers Claim That

A Single Observation That Is Inconsistent With Some Generalization Points To The Falsehood Of The Generalization, And Thereby 'points To Itself'.

Opinion Is The Companion Of Probability Within The Medieval Epistemology.

Experimental Work Provides The Strongest Evidence For Scientific Realism. This Is Not Because We Test Hypotheses About Entities. It Is Because Entities That In Principle Cannot Be 'observed' Are Manipulated To Produce A New Phenomena [sic] And To Investigate Other Aspects Of Nature.

In Each Case You Settle On An Act. Doing Nothing At All Counts As An Act.

Many Modern Philosophers Claim That Probability Is Relation Between An Hypothesis And The Evidence For It.