Whatever Is Referred To Must

Darwin's Greatest Achievement Was To Show That The Appearance Of Purpose, Planning, Teleology (design), And Intentionality In The Origin And Development Of Human And Animal Species Was Entirely An Illusion. The Illusion Could Be Explained By Evolutionary Processes That Contained No Such Purpose At All. But The Spread Of Ideas Through Imitation Required The Whole Apparatus Of Human Consciousness And Intentionality

You Do Not Understand Your Own Tradition If You Do Not See It In Relation To Others.

Our Tools Are Extensions Of Our Purposes, And So We Find It Natural To Make Metaphorical Attributions Of Intentionality To Them; But I Take It No Philosophical Ice Is Cut By Such Examples.

In Many Cases It Is A Matter For Decision And Not A Simple Matter Of Fact Whether X Understands Y; And So On.

The General Nature Of The Speech Act Fallacy Can Be Stated As Follows, Using "good" As Our Example. Calling Something Good Is Characteristically Praising Or Commending Or Recommending It, Etc. But It Is A Fallacy To Infer From This That The Meaning Of "good" Is Explained By Saying It Is Used To Perform The Act Of Commendation.