In Science Novelty Emerges Only

What A Man Sees Depends Both Upon What He Looks At And Also Upon What His Previous Visual-conceptual Experience Has Taught Him To See.

The Transition Between Competing Paradigms Cannot Be Made A Step At A Time, Forced By Logic And Neutral Experience. Like The Gestalt Switch, It Must Occur All At Once (though Not Necessarily In An Instant) Or Not At All.

Later Scientific Theories Are Better Than Earlier Ones For Solving Puzzles In The Often Quite Different Environments To Which They Are Applied. That Is Not A Relativist's Position, And It Displays The Sense In Which I Am A Convinced Believer In Scientific Progress.

Normal Science Does Not Aim At Novelties Of Fact Or Theory And, When Successful, Finds None.

Far From Being Magisterial In Its Objectivity, Science Was Conditioned By History, Society, And The Prejudices Of Scientists.